Estilo indirecto

Reported speech statements

Direct speech - Reported speech

´I love the hotel.´

She said that she loved the hotel.

´We´re having a wonderful time.´

He said that they were having a wonderful time.

´I worked for ten hours.´

He said he´d worked for ten hours.

´You´ve never written to me.´

She said he´d never written to her.

´I´ll see you soon.´

He said he´d see her soon. * Si el reporting verb (por ejemplo said o told) está en pasado, el verbo en estilo directo retrocede un tiempo verbal al pasar a estilo indirecto.

present simple - past simple

present simple - past continuous

past simple - past perfect simple

present perfect simple - past perfect simple

will - would

can - could

* Los verbos modales should, could, would, might y ought to no cambian al pasar a estilo indirecto.

´We might come.´

She said that they might come.

´I could be there at 8.00.´

He said he could be there by 8.00.

* Los pronombres y adjectives posesivos sí cambian. ´I´m watching you.´

He said that he was watching him.

´We´ve got you a surprise.´

She said that they had got him a surprise.

´I´ve forgotten my keys.´

He said that he had forgotten his keys.

Time expressions in reported speech

this = that

these = those

now = then

next week = the following week

today = that day

tomorrow = the next day

yesterday = the day before

last week = the week before

Reported speech: Questions and commands

´What time is your train?´

She asked what the time his train was.

´Why are you laughing?´

He asked why she was laughing.

* En las oraciones interrogativas en estilo directo el orden es verbo + sujeto.

* En las oraciones interogativas en estilo indirecto el orden es sujeto + verbo. No se utiliza signo de interrogación.

He asked how old she was.

She asked where the hotel was.

* Si la pregunta en estilo directo no lleva particular interrogative, al pasar a estilo indirect se utiliza if o whether.

´Are you Spanish?´ He asked if / whether we were Spanish.

Reported Commands

´Be quiet!´

He told them to be quiet.

´Put it out!´

She told him to put it out.

* En las órdenes en estilo directo se utilize el imperative.

* Para pasar una orden a estilo indirecto, se utiliza la siguiente construcción:

sujeto + verbo + objeto + infinitivo con to

She told them to sit down.

He told her to close ther window.

* Para pasar un orden negativa a estilo indirecto, se utiliza not delante del infinitivo.

La construcción es la siguiente: sujeto + verbo + objeto + not + infinitivo con to

´Don´t forget your wallet.´ ´She told him not to forget his wallet.´

* Otros reporting verbs que se utilizan para expresar órdenes son:

advise, encourage, invite, persuade, remind, warn.

Reported speech: Suggestions

´Shall we go for a walk?´

He suggested that they went for a walk.

´Why don´t we go out tonight?´

She suggested that they went out that night.

Para las sugerencias en estilo indirect se utiliza suggest como reporting verb.